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Installing Wine to Linux Mint Steps to install and run Wine 6 on Linux Mint 64-bit system. ​ Step 1: Update System ​ ​ Before installing programs, it is good practice to update the system. This is done using the command line using these steps: Type at the command line and then press ‘ ENTER ’ after each line typed: ​ $ lscpu ​ To check what system, you are running the command below will list what CPU is in use. To install Wine on a 64-bit Mint system, type the following command in Terminal: ​ $ sudo apt install wine64 or $ sudo apt install wine32 for a 32-bit system To agree to the installation prompt: Type ‘ y ’ and then press ‘ ENTER ’. ​ $ wine --version ​ Once the installation of Wine is completed, you can verify it using the following command in Terminal: The above command can be used to check the installed version of Wine.

Long exposure landscape photography I will discuss the practical aspects of long exposure landscape photography later, but first, we need to consider other key factors in getting quality long exposure photographs. Location is the key The first step in creating stunning long exposure images is choosing the correct landscape, one that is conducive to this kind of photography. Long exposures are ideal for conveying movement, but it can also be used to blur unwanted movement, removing the ripples or waves on a lake or sea scene can give a surreal feel. While showing a river, a waterfall, waves crashing onto a beach, or stormy passing clouds can depict movement and drama. Once a location has been identified, consider the time of day. The golden hour is undoubtedly the best time, and it happens twice a day. The golden hour is the short window of time right after sunrise and again right before sunset, when the air is filled with a flattering golden hue that is perfect for photographing everything from landscapes to portraits. During this time, the sun is low in the sky and more diffuse (and redder) than normal thanks to being filtered for a greater distance through the atmosphere. At golden hour, you will not find the harsh shadows seen at high noon. Because the sun is so low on the horizon, the light is directional, creating long, and soft shadows giving dimension to photographs. That soft dimensional light can be used to achieve creative effects that are not possible at other times of the day. So, when does the golden hour occur? It varies depending on the location, the time of year, and weather conditions. Apps, like PlanIt, can help determine sunrise, sunset times, the direction of the sunrise and sunset, and the optimum golden hour times. A general rule of thumb is that the golden hour is about an hour after sunrise and an hour before sunset. Subject matter Consider ways that can be incorporated into the frame, like static objects, a boulder or two, a tree, jetty, or island in a lake, icebergs, or a wreck on a beach. Walkabout looking for interesting subjects that might provide a focal point. Shoot in RAW ​RAW is a file format like jpeg, but unlike jpeg, it captures all the image data recorded by the camera’s sensor rather than compressing it. Shooting in RAW provides higher quality images but also allows for more control in post-processing. For instance, correcting underexposure problems or adjusting aspects like colour temperature, white balance, or contrast. ​However, one negative aspect of shooting in RAW is that the files take up more space, so I advise using larger SD or Micro SD Cards. Furthermore, RAW photos need some sort of post-processing, so photo editing software is essential. Set the cameras White Balance If the camera is set to Auto White Balance, it will compensate for all the beautiful warm tones you are there specifically for. Auto White Balance makes images bluer than required for the golden hour. In RAW, it is easy to adjust the white balance in post, nevertheless, it is still a good idea to manually set the white balance to get a better idea of what the scene is meant to look like. For beginners, a good initial point for beginners is setting it to shade or cloudy to help get the required golden hues. Aperture Priority mode Aperture Priority mode allows you to choose your aperture and the camera will automatically determine the best shutter speed. Set the ISO of the camera to 100 or lower if possible and let the camera decide the shutter speed. ISO determines the sensitivity of the camera sensor to light, so using the lowest value means that the sensor is minimally sensitive. Additionally, using the lowest ISO can minimize digital noise or grain in the shot. The less noise, the higher the image quality will be. Of course, a sturdy tripod is essential, and an external shutter release device or set the camera to a 2 or 5-second shutter delay to prevent camera shake. Post-processing Shooting in RAW will undoubtedly require some post-processing to enhance the look and feel of any long exposure landscape image. First consider increasing the blue primary in Lightroom or Photoshop as this will increase the vibrance of any rocks, boulders, tree trunks, etc. Then, think about enhancing colours by boosting saturation or vibrancy. Adjust the levels and curves to create an image with a more robust dynamic range. If you find areas of the shot are too bright or too dark, try your hand at dodging and burning to create a more well-exposed image throughout. ​ However, post-processing is all about personal preference and one’s own creative perspective on photography as it is to compose the shot taken on location. Always make small adjustments that you feel are necessary to create the image desired and keep the master copy unaltered and safe.

Orquídeas Las orquídeas tienen un aura única y se originan en todas partes del mundo. Las orquídeas tienen una gran diversidad de colores, formas, tamaños y aromas, aunque no todas tienen fragancias agradables. Crecen en condiciones tropicales, templadas y algunas cercanas a las heladas. Mucha gente considera que las orquídeas son difíciles de cultivar y florecer. En realidad, la mayoría de las orquídeas son fáciles de cultivar y florecer, pero en todos los planetas se requieren las condiciones correctas. Algunas son virtualmente indestructibles y con algunos consejos básicos, la mayoría de las personas pueden cultivar orquídeas para que no solo prosperen, sino que también florezcan. Las orquídeas tienen un aura única y se originan en todas partes del mundo. Las orquídeas tienen una gran diversidad de colores, formas, tamaños y aromas, aunque no todas tienen fragancias agradables. Crecen en condiciones tropicales, templadas y algunas cercanas a las heladas. Mucha gente considera que las orquídeas son difíciles de cultivar y florecer. En realidad, la mayoría de las orquídeas son fáciles de cultivar y florecer, pero en todos los planetas se requieren las condiciones correctas. Algunas son virtualmente indestructibles y con algunos consejos básicos, la mayoría de las personas pueden cultivar orquídeas para que no solo prosperen, sino que también florezcan. Entre los tipos de orquídeas más fáciles de cultivar se encuentran: Phalaenopsis (pronunciado - Fal-en-op-sis) Dendrobium (pronunciado - Den-droh-bee-um) Cattleya (pronunciado - Kat-lee-ya). Cymbidium (pronunciado - Sim-bid-ee-um) Coelogyne (pronunciado - See-loj-in-ee), Coelogyne Alba tiene una gran fragancia. Diversidad Aunque más de 35.000 especies de orquídeas habitan en nuestro planeta, los seres humanos han hibridado estas especies para crear más de 200.000 híbridos. Muchos se cultivan por sus atractivas flores, pero las vainas de la orquídea vainilla proporcionan el sabor popular. A diferencia de la mayoría de las plantas, las orquídeas pueden crecer en el aire. Sus raíces se adhieren a árboles o rocas donde pueden capturar humedad y nutrientes. Linaje antiguo La evidencia indica que las orquídeas se originan cuando los dinosaurios deambulaban por el planeta, hace unos 120 millones de años y muchas tienen una asociación con tipos particulares de insectos o aves para que polinicen sus flores. Las orquídeas son una familia de plantas importante, diversa y única. Las orquídeas u Orchidaceae son plantas con flores monocotiledóneas en el superorden Liliiflorae. Las monocotiledóneas son posiblemente las plantas más importantes del mundo y provienen de nuestros cuatro alimentos más importantes, como el arroz, el maíz, el trigo y la cebada. Otros, como el bambú y las palmas, son una fuente principal de materiales de construcción en muchos países, y la caña de azúcar, las piñas, los dátiles y los plátanos provienen de las monocotiledóneas. La familia de las orquídeas contiene más especies que cualquier otra familia de plantas; algunos botánicos estiman que familia para contener unas 25.000 a 35.000 especies. Las orquídeas florecen en una amplia gama de colores y formas y viven en una variedad de hábitats, desde: Vive bajo la luz solar directa, sombra, climas frescos y fríos. Escalar rocas, árboles Crecer en el suelo Otra característica de las orquídeas es que tienen varias características distintivas, como: Pistilos (parte femenina) Estambres (parte masculina) Las orquídeas se presentan característicamente en dos formas principales, orquídeas monopodiales y simpodiales. Las orquídeas monopodiales tienen tallos que crecen indefinidamente. Este tipo de hoja de orquídea siempre crece desde el extremo de un tallo y las orquídeas monopodiales con frecuencia producen raíces aéreas a lo largo de sus tallos. Las orquídeas monopodiales no tienen pseudobulbos, producen un nuevo crecimiento desde la corona de la planta y las raíces pueden ser particularmente adventicias. No es raro tener raíces aéreas a intervalos regulares a lo largo del tallo, particularmente en especies como Vandas. Las espigas de las flores, o inflorescencias, crecen desde el lado del tallo, no desde el final. Las orquídeas monopodiales populares incluyen: Vanda Phalaenopsis Las orquídeas simpodiales se clasifican por tener una sucesión de brotes o tallos en forma de bulbo, conocidos como pseudobulbos. Los pseudobulbos se elevan desde la base del anterior y cada pseudobulbo tiene un crecimiento limitado. Las raíces normalmente se forman a partir de la base de los pseudobulbos oa lo largo del rizoma. La espiga de la flor de las orquídeas simpodiales se eleva desde la base del pseudobulbo o incluso desde un rizoma. Las orquídeas tropicales son a menudo Sympodial y las orquídeas Sympodial populares incluyen: Cattleyas Dendrobiums Oncidiums Espatoglotis Las orquídeas simpodiales tienen pseudobulbos que crecen en un rizoma. Estos pueden parecer cortos para que las bombillas parezcan adheridas entre sí o lo suficientemente largas como para poner algunas pulgadas entre ellas. Es necesario volver a plantar estas orquídeas con regularidad debido al extenso patrón de crecimiento lateral.

Programming Editing Software What is programming editing software? They are a computer program that edits plain text and called text editors. Text editing software is incorporated with operating systems and software development packages, they are used to write or modify configuration files, documentation files, and programming language source code. ​ Here are some of the programming editing programs I use: Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to create and change any kind of text very efficiently. It is included as ‘vi’ with most UNIX systems and Apple OS X. Vim is rock stable and is continuously being developed into a better text editor. ​ Features: Persistent, multi-level undo tree. Extensive plugin systems. Support for a myriad of programming languages and file formats. Powerful search and replace abilities. Integrates well with many tools. Notepad++ is a popular free-to-use code editor written in C++. It uses pure win32 API which offers a larger execution speed and small program size. It only runs in the MS Window's environment but uses a GPL License. ​ Features: This text editor supports syntax highlighting for languages like PHP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Auto-completion: Word completion, Function completion. Macro recording and playback. User-defined Syntax highlighting and folding. Customizable GUI. Multi-view and Multi-Language support. Visual Studio Code is an open-source (Free) code editing software developed by Microsoft. This free text editor offers built-in support for TypeScript, JavaScript, and Node.js. It is autocompleted with IntelliSense features provides smart completions based on variable types, essential modules, and function definitions. ​ Platforms: Mac, Windows, Linux. ​ Features: Easy working with Git and other SCM (Software Configuration Management) providers. Code refactoring & debugging. Easily extensible and customizable. Brackets is a free lightweight tool developed by Adobe. It allows you to toggle between your source code and the browser view. ​ Platform: Mac, Windows, Linux ​ Features: Quick Edit UI feature puts context-specific code and tools inline. Offers live preview, pre-processor support, and inline editors. Pleasant-looking User Interface (UI). A specifically developed tool for macOS Comes with the inbuilt extension manager. Dreamweaver is an Adobe software editor that allows users to create, code, and manage dynamic websites easily. Users can build responsive websites that adapt to fit any screen size, whether it is on a computer or handheld device. You can preview your websites and edit in real-time to ensure your pages look and work the way you want before you publish. It provides access code hints so users can quickly learn and edit HTML, CSS, and other web standards, and it uses visual aids to reduce errors and speed up site development. I have been using Dreamweaver for countless years and have found it to be a reliable robust editor. But it is expensive and out of reach for many non-professional users.

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Transistors Los transistores son dispositivos semiconductores que se utilizan para cambiar señales electrónicas, amplificar o potencia eléctrica. Los transistores son fundamentales en los circuitos electrónicos modernos. Un transistor está fabricado con materiales semiconductores y normalmente tiene tres terminales para la conexión a un circuito externo. Un voltaje o corriente aplicada a un par de terminales del transistor controla la corriente a través de otro par de terminales. Debido a que la potencia controlada (salida) puede ser mayor que la potencia controladora (entrada), un transistor puede amplificar una señal. Hoy en día, algunos transistores se empaquetan individualmente, pero muchos más se encuentran integrados en circuitos integrados. Símbolos de transistores de unión bipolar Hay dos tipos de transistores, NPN y PNP. El transistor NPN tiene dos bloques de material semiconductor tipo N y un bloque de material semiconductor tipo P. El transistor PNP tiene dos tipos P y una capa de material tipo N. El símbolo de NPN tanto de NPN como de PNP se muestra en la siguiente figura. La diferencia entre los transistores NPN y PNP está en la dirección de la corriente. La flecha en el diagrama anterior indica la dirección del flujo de corriente típica en el emisor con polarización directa aplicada a la unión emisor-base. Los transistores tienen tres terminales como se muestra arriba: Emisor Coleccionista Base Emisor: el segmento emisor suministra una gran parte del portador de carga. El emisor está constantemente conectado en polarización directa con respecto a la base, suministra el portador de carga a granel a la base. La unión emisor-base inserta una gran cantidad de portador de carga mayoritario en la base porque es muy fija y de tamaño moderado. Colector: el colector acumula el mayor porcentaje del portador de carga suministrado por el emisor. La unión colector-base está constantemente en polarización inversa. Su función es eliminar las cargas de preponderancia de su unión con la base. El segmento colector del transistor está moderadamente fijo pero tiene una masa mayor, de modo que puede recoger la mayor parte del portador de carga suministrado por el emisor. Base: la sección central del transistor es la base. La base forma dos circuitos: El circuito de entrada con el emisor. El circuito de salida con el colector. El circuito de la base del emisor está polarizado hacia adelante y ofrece baja resistencia al circuito. Mientras que la unión colector-base está en polarización inversa y ofrece una mayor resistencia al circuito. La base del transistor está ligeramente incapacitada y extremadamente delgada, ya que somete al portador de carga mayoritario a la base. El silicio se usa generalmente para fabricar transistores por su alto voltaje, mayor corriente y menor sensibilidad a la temperatura. La sección emisor-base mantenida en polarización directa establece la corriente base que fluye a través de la región base. La magnitud de la corriente de base es extremadamente pequeña. La corriente base hace que los electrones se muevan hacia el área del colector o crea un agujero en la región base. La base del transistor es extremadamente delgada y ligeramente fija debido a esto, tiene menos electrones en comparación con el emisor. Los electrones limitados del emisor se combinan con el agujero de la región de la base y los electrones restantes se mueven hacia la región del colector y constituyen la corriente del colector.

DVI-I - DVI-D - DVI-A Differences Differences between DVI-I - DVI-D - DVI-A connector types DVI connectors come in three types: DVI-D (digital) DVI-I (integrated; analog and digital) DVI-A (analog) DVI-I and DVI-D connectors have different data rates, also known as single-link or dual-link. Each link type has a maximum allowed data rate that ensures the data is not corrupted when transferred from the graphics card to a monitor. DVI uses Transition Minimized Differential Signalling (TMDS) to transmit data over a single twisted wire pair. A single-link DVI connector consists of four TMDS links. Three of the four links link to the red, green, and blue RGB video signals, while the fourth is the clock control channel. Single-link connectors operate up to 165MHz and offer 1.65Gbps of bandwidth and can support resolutions up to 1920×1200 at a refresh rate of 60Hz. Dual-link connections double the number of RGB TMDS pairs – exclusive of the clock pair, thereby enabling up to 2Gbps of bandwidth. They can also support higher resolutions up to 2560×1600 at a refresh rate of 60Hz. Dual-link connectors are fully backward compatible with single-link operation unless a display mode uses more than 165MHz pixel clock frequency or 24 bits per pixel. While a single-link connector cannot support dual-link connections at any time, so dual-link connections are preferable. DVI connection pins are comprised of an 8×3 rectangle pinout supporting TMDS, DDC, analog vertical sync, power, hot-plug detection, and ground signals. So there is: ​ Pins 1-24 4 analog pins for RGB and horizontal sync C1-C4 Long flat pin for analog ground C5 DVI-A connectors have 17 (12+5) pins, they do not have a dual-link option and only carry analog signals. These signals are equal to VGA signals but are presented as an altered configuration. So, a VGA to DVI adapter is necessary to connect a VGA video card to a DVI-A monitor or a DVI-A video card to a VGA monitor. Due to VGA being the dominant connector for analog monitors and DVI as a standard for digital signals for many years DVI-A connectors are rare, while DVI-I and DVI-D connectors are common. DVI-A cables will work with both DVI-A and DVI-I connectors. Male DVI-D cables may fit in a female DVI-A connector but will not work as they do not carry any analog signals. DVI-D connectors transfer digital video signals. There are two types: Single-link DVI-D connectors have 19 pins (18+1) Dual-link DVI-D connectors have 25 pins (24+1). DVI-D cables will work with both DVI-D and DVI-I connectors. HDMI and DisplayPort connectors will also support DVI-D video signals using an adapter, but DVI-D cannot support the supplementary features that HDMI and DisplayPort have, like: Integrated audio CEC control Most digital monitors will have a DVI-D connector, while monitors that support digital and analog signals usually have a DVI-D with a VGA connector. DVI-I single-link connectors have 23 pins (18+5) Dual-link connectors have 29 pins (24+5). DVI-I connectors will not convert analog and digital signals but will accept a digital or analog signal, but not at the same time. If a video card, monitor and cable all have DVI-I connections with the ability to support both analog and digital signals, one mode of operation must be selected. DVI-I connectors will work with all DVI cable types. But a male DVI-I cable will not connect to a female DVI-D connector owing to the additional analog pins. ​ ​ DVI Pins DVI Pins HDMI Pins HDMI Pins Display Port Pins VGA Port Pins Display Port Pins VGA Female DE15 socket - Port Pin This image displays and tables a 15-pin VESA DDC2/E-DDC connector, the diagram’s pin numbering is a female connector that functions as the graphics adapter output. While the male connector numbering corresponds with the cable's wire-and-solder side.

Qâf Scale Models Gozo Qâf Models está diseñado para mostrar mis modelos, mostrando cómo los construyo y modifico. También es una plataforma para mis fotografías e imágenes. Sugerencias sobre modificaciones de construcción de maquetas, circuitos electrónicos y sus componentes. Consejos de aerografía, equipamiento y cuidados. Discusión sobre aerógrafo y pinturas de manos, imprimaciones y barnices. Discussions and ad vice on using airbrushes, hand painting, types and use of primers, and varnishes. ​ Provide a platform to help each other. ​ Forum for discussions, advice, and support on all aspects of scale modeling, painting, and modifications. ​ Provide a platform for my other hobbies and interests.

Electronic Circuits for Model Kits La construcción de circuitos electrónicos para modelos no es un proceso complicado, pero se recomiendan conocimientos básicos. Este kit es el Revell Imperial Start Destroyer, no la serie Technik, ya que creo que hay limitaciones en los sistemas electrónicos de los fabricantes. Los componentes utilizados son: Resistencias Condensador Diodo Transistor Temporizador - 555

Choosing a Tripod 1. Weight A tripod’s weight should be considered from two perspectives. Will it be carried around? Used indoors? Or both? ​ I have: 2 x heavy tripods for indoor use. 4 x small tripods for tabletop, placing on low walls or a bonnet of a car. 1 x medium weight tripod for outdoor use - Remember that someone is going to need to carry it around. Mine attaches to my Bergan/rucksack which makes it easier to carry long distances. ​ 2. Stability Weight does not always equal stability. If possible, test the tripod with the camera on it along with the largest lens, light, flash, and microphone. Test it fully extended to see how stable it is. Will it be sturdy on a windy day? Will it take the knock of someone bumping it on the way past? Has it got hooks for weights? ​ 3. Leg Locks There is a lot of variation between manufacturers when it comes to the mechanisms used for locking legs into place. Often, it comes to personal preference, but secure locks are essential. My main tripods are Manfrotto, they offer quick-release locks that are stable, and I have found reliable. ​ 4. Leg Sections The number of sections used to alter the height on tripods can be a factor. If they have two sections, they will be longer when they are collapsed. Two is good because there is less playing around with extending and locking the legs, while three sections provide a more compact tripod when folded. ​ 5. Height How long is a piece of string? Depending on the type of photography, the height requirements of a tripod will vary. What is the maximum height needed? But also, how it operates at its minimum, and how big it is when it is all folded. In all honesty, having a tripod one can look into the camera’s eyepiece without having to bend is a bonus, there is nothing worse than a full day of leaning over to check the framing shots. ​ 6. Tripod Heads Tripod heads can either be bought with a tripod as a complete set or separately. One key aspect to consider about a tripod is how the camera attaches to it. There are numerous options available, and it is worth planning and considering the options, as the tripod head not only keeps your camera on the tripod but will determine how much flexibility you have once it is attached. ​ My preference is the quick release Manfrotto tripod heads, they are well built and extremely sturdy. Each of my cameras and GoPros have a Manfrotto tripod head fitted, so I can easily swap cameras or tripods. ​ The two main types of tripod heads are: ​ Ball and socket – are great for flexibility and moving your camera around, but I find them fiddley. ​ Pan and tilt – are great for locking into position and are usually more affordable. They are not as fluid to move around and take getting used to, but I prefer them.